Difference between revisions of "MassachusettsPeople"

Revision as of 13:09, 17 October 2011

1 GRAND MASTERS
- 1.1 A
- 1.2 B
- 1.3 C
- 1.4 D
- 1.5 E
- 1.6 F
- 1.7 G
- 1.8 HI
- 1.9 J
- 1.10 KL
- 1.11 MN
- 1.12 O
- 1.13 PQ
- 1.14 R
- 1.15 S
- 1.16 TUV
- 1.17 W
2 DISTINGUISHED BROTHERS
- 2.1 A
- 2.2 B
- 2.3 C
- 2.4 D
- 2.5 E
- 2.6 F
- 2.7 G
- 2.8 H
- 2.9 I
- 2.10 J
- 2.11 K
- 2.12 L
- 2.13 M
- 2.14 N
- 2.15 O
- 2.16 PQ
- 2.17 R
- 2.18 S
- 2.19 T
- 2.20 U
- 2.21 V
- 2.22 W
- 2.23 XYZ
3 GRAND CHAPLAINS
4 OTHER BROTHERS FROM THE PROCEEDINGS
5 NECROLOGIES

GRAND MASTERS

A

John Abbot DGM, SGW, JGW © ¶
Leon M. Abbott SGW ©
Claude L. Allen DGM © ¶
Albert T. Ames SGW

B

Josiah Bartlett DGM, SGW © ¶
Fred K. Bauer DGM © ¶
Everett C. Benton DGM © ¶
J. Philip Berquist DGM ©
Timothy Bigelow SGW, JGW © ¶
John Albert Blake JGW © ¶
Thomas A. Booth DGM ©
Richard Briggs JGW © ¶
Caleb Butler DGM, SGW © ¶

C

Curtis Chipman DGM © ¶
Arthur W. Coolidge DGM © ¶
William T. Coolidge JGW © ¶
Elijah Crane SGW, JGW ¶
John Cutler SGW, JGW (St. John's) © ¶

D

Charles C. Dame DGM © ¶
Edgar W. Darling JGW
Herbert W. Dean SGW © ¶
Paul Dean DGM © ¶
John Dixwell DGM © ¶
Samuel Dunn DGM, JGW (St. John's) ©

E

Laurence E. Eaton SGW ©
Henry Endicott SGW © ¶
Percival L. Everett DGM © ¶

F

Samuel P.P. Fay DGM © ¶
Dudley M. Ferrell DGM ©
Dana J. Flanders JGW ©
Joshua B. Flint © ¶

G

O

Francis J. Oliver DGM, SGW, JGW © ¶
A. Neill Osgood DGM © ¶
Thomas Oxnard DGM (St. John's) ¶

PQ

Roger W. Pageau DGM, Grand Treasurer
William Parkman JGW © ¶
Augustus Peabody SGW © ¶
Joseph Earl Perry DGM © ¶
Henry Price ©
Arthur D. Prince DGM © ¶

R

George M. Randall DGM © ¶
Edward A. Raymond SGW © ¶
Paul Revere DGM, SGW, JGW © ¶
David B. Richardson SGW © ¶
Simon W. Robinson DGM, SGW, JGW © ¶
John Rowe DGM, JGW, SGW ©
Benjamin Russell SGW, JGW (St. John's) ©
Thomas S. Roy DGM © ¶

S

Baalis Sanford SGW © ¶
Albert A. Schaefer DGM ©
Frank L. Simpson DGM © ¶
John Soley SGW, JGW ©
Richard J. Stewart DGM

TUV

Isaiah Thomas SGW ©
Robert Tomlinson DGM (St. John's)
Donald W. Vose DGM © ¶

W

John Warren © ¶
Joseph Warren ©
Joseph Webb DGM, SGW
Charles A. Welch DGM © ¶
Otis E. Weld JGW © ¶
Samuel Wells DGM, Grand Treasurer © ¶
Samuel H. Wragg DGM © ¶

Past Grand Masters by year.
Grand Master Gallery.

© = picture on page.
¶ = biography or memorial on page.

DISTINGUISHED BROTHERS

Current living Distinguished Brothers in Bold Italic.

A

R. Neil Alger, DGM ¶
Paul W. Anderson, SGW ¶
Benjamin B. Appleton, SGW ¶
Ralph W. Arnold, JGW © ¶
Benjamin F. Arrington, DGM © ¶
Ronald Astley, SGW ©
Charles Avery, SGW © ¶
Edward Avery, JGW ¶

B

William M. Babbitt, DGM
William Babson, SGW © ¶
Herbert P. Bagley, DGM ¶
Joseph Baker, JGW
Joseph K. Baker, JGW ¶
William W. Baker, SGW © ¶
Charles C. Balcom, SGW ¶
Harry P. Ballard, SGW © ¶
Forrest E. Barker, SGW ©
Walworth O. Barbour, DGM ¶
Samuel Barrett, SGW (Mass. Indep.)
John Bartlett, DGM, Grand Chaplain © ¶
Charles D. Batchelder, Jr., SGW
Lewis B. Bates, District Grand Master (Canal Zone) ©
Robert P. Beach, SGW
Andrew Belcher, DGM (St. John's)
Henry A. Belcher, DGM © ¶
William M. Belcher, SGW ©
Shubael Bell, SGW, JGW ©
Clayton A. Bemis, JGW
George Bibilos, DGM
George W. Bishop, SGW © ¶
Horatio Bisbee, DGM ¶
David C. Blake, JGW ©
Edwin A. Blodgett, DGM ©
W. Eugene Bondurant, District Grand Master (Canal Zone)
Thomas T. Booth, JGW ©
Eliot F. Borden, JGW © ¶
J. Irving Botting, SGW ¶
John Boyle, DGM, SGW, JGW
Vergil F. Bradfield, District Grand Master (China) © ¶
John R. Bradford, JGW © ¶
Samuel Bradford, DGM
Clarence A. Brodeur, SGW © ¶
Paul E. Brodeur, JGW © ¶
Addison G. Brooks, SGW ¶
F. Crockett Brown, DGM ¶
Walter C. Brown, Jr., SGW
T. Frederick Brunton, SGW © ¶
William Burbeck, DGM (Mass. Prov.)
Calvin A. Burger, SGW © ¶
Richard B. Burgess, SGW
Richard W. Burgess, DGM
Stephen H. Burrall, Jr., SGW
Charles B. Burleigh, DGM ©
E. Waters Burr, JGW ¶

C

Alexander D. Campbell, JGW ©
Albert W. Canedy, JGW ¶
Clinton G. Carey, District Grand Master (Canal Zone)
John Carr, SGW ¶
Horace A. Carter, JGW ¶
James Carter, JGW (Mass Indep.)
Frederick G. Caspar, JGW © ¶
Edward P. Chapin, SGW © ¶
Edward L. Chase, JGW © ¶
Walter B. Chase, JGW © ¶
Shant L. Chebookjian, SGW ¶
Tracy P. Cheever, JGW © ¶
William H. Chessman, SGW © ¶
Henry Chickering, SGW © ¶
Edwin O. Childs, DGM © ¶
George E. Clapp, JGW
Robert W. Clarke, JGW
Thomas Cole, SGW, JGW
Kenneth L. Collard, JGW
Alexander Lord Colvill, DGM (St. John's)
Ithamar F. Conkey, SGW © ¶
James E. Cook, District Grand Master (Canal Zone)
Charles E. Cooke, SGW ¶
Theodore E. Cooledge, DGM
Walter N. Cooper, SGW
Robert C. Corr, SGW
Joseph R. Cotton, DGM ¶
David W. Crafts, SGW ¶
Thomas Crafts, SGW (Mass Indep.)
Charles A. Cross, SGW ¶
Henry S.C. Cummings, SGW © ¶
Winthrop J. Cushing, DGM © ¶
Robert W. Custance, DGM ©

D

Abraham A. Dame, DGM, SGW, JGW © ¶
Charles J. Danforth, JGW © ¶
David A. Davies, JGW
Edwin L. Davis, DGM © ¶
Stafford E. Davis, SGW
Thomas W. Davis, JGW © ¶
Warren R. Davis, JGW
Wendell T. Davis, SGW © ¶
William F. Davis, SGW © ¶
Norman B. Davison, District Grand Master (Canal Zone) ¶
Peter A. Day, SGW © ¶
Benjamin Dean, JGW © ¶
Gerald G. Delano, DGM
Donald R. Denning, SGW ©
Moses Deshon, DGM (Mass Indep.)
George L. Dewhurst, JGW ©
George R. Dewhurst, SGW ¶
Aaron Dexter, JGW
Olin D. Dickerman, JGW ©
James A. Dickson, JGW
Joe A. Diele, District Grand Master (China)
Emil U. Dillenback, DGM ¶
Hiram I. Dillenback, DGM © ¶
Frank W. Dobson, SGW © ¶
Fred A. Dobson, SGW
Robert F. Doherty, JGW
John D. Dorr, JGW ¶
John J. Dorsa, District Grand Master (Canal Zone) ¶
Albert F. Dow, DGM ©
Walter E. Dow, JGW © ¶
Cyril W. Downs, SGW © ¶
Philip A. Drouin, JGW
Alexander R. Dunbar, SGW © ¶
Edson S. Dunbar, JGW © ¶
Harry K. Dunton, SGW ©
Frank T. Dwinell, DGM ¶

E

Asa Eaton, DGM, Grand Chaplain © ¶
William Eaton, JGW
King Edward VII, King of England ¶
Thomas Edwards, SGW, JGW (Mass. Indep.)
Simon Eliot, DGM
Frederick D. Ely, DGM © ¶
William H. Emerson, DGM ©
F. Brian Emery, DGM

F

James F. Farr, DGM
William M. Farrington, SGW © ¶
Herbert N. Faulkner, DGM © ¶
Henry G. Fay, JGW ¶
William Ferson, SGW ¶
Charles S. Fessenden, District Grand Master (China)
Franklin C. Fetté, District Grand Master (China)
Richard M. Field, DGM ¶
Clarence H. Fisher, JGW © ¶
Clayton F. Fisher, JGW ¶
Herbert E. Fletcher, DGM © ¶
John Flint, JGW © ¶
William Flint, DGM ¶
James Forbes, DGM (St. John's)
Henry Fowle, SGW, JGW
Albert A. Folsom, DGM ¶
James R. Franklin, DGM
William H. Franklin, Jr., JGW ¶
Carroll B. French, DGM
Herbert F. French, JGW © ¶
Ralph H. French, JGW
Charles A. Fritz, Jr., DGM
George P. Fullman, District Grand Master (Canal Zone)

G

Lorenzo H. Gamwell, SGW
Jeffrey L. Gardner, SGW ©
Donald P. Garrido, District Grand Master (Canal Zone)
Richard A. Gaudette, JGW
Norman M. Gay, DGM ©
Emery B. Gibbs, DGM © ¶
J. Arthur Gibson, SGW ¶
Irvin V. Gillis, District Grand Master (China)
Donald W. Gillis, Jr., JGW
Benjamin B. Gilman, SGW © ¶
James M. Gleason, SGW © ¶
Joseph H. Gleason, JGW © ¶
Paul F. Gleason, JGW ©
Robert E. Godbout, Jr., SGW
Henry Goddard, SGW ¶
Carl A. Gordon, DGM
Gurdon W. Gordon, DGM ¶
James Gordon, DGM (St John's)
Benjamin A. Gould, DGM © ¶
Ethelbert V. Grabill, DGM ¶
George W. Gray, JGW ¶
William T. Grammer, SGW © ¶
Edward G. Graves, SGW © ¶
Charles M. Green, DGM © ¶
Robert M. Green, DGM ©
Richard Gridley, DGM, SGW (St. John's)

H

Frederick W. Hale, SGW © ¶
Guy U. Hall, District Grand Master (Canal Zone)
John N. Hall, SGW
Eugene B. Hamilton, DGM © ¶
Frederick W. Hamilton, DGM © ¶
William S. Hamilton, JGW © ¶
John B. Hammatt, DGM, SGW, JGW © ¶
Lowell U. Hammett, SGW
John W. Hanson, SGW
Louis A. Harmon, SGW
Charles Harris, JGW ¶
Thaddeus Mason Harris, DGM, JGW © ¶
Robert H. Hartley, DGM
Albert L. Harwood, DGM ©
Daniel Harwood, SGW © ¶
Edmund G. Haskell, JGW © ¶
Elias Haskell, SGW ¶
Samuel Hauser, SGW © ¶
John Hews, JGW © ¶
William Hilliard, DGM
Frank H. Hilton, SGW © ¶
Hyman Hodes, District Grand Master (China)
William E. Holland, DGM
Henry O. Holley, SGW © ¶
Edward C. Holmes, JGW © ¶
William Hoskins, GSec (Mass. Indep.) ¶
Charles W. Huntley, SGW
Benjamin Huntoon, JGW ¶
Isaac Hurd, SGW, JGW
Lewis L. Huston, DGM ©
Samuel K. Hutchinson, JGW © ¶
John R. Hykes, District Grand Master (China) © ¶

I

Samuel R. Irons, JGW ¶

J

Harry E. Jackson, JGW © ¶
James Jackson, JGW (Mass Indep.)
Ronald E. Jackson, DGM
James E. Jacob, District GM (Canal Zone) ¶ ©
Robert Jenkins, DGM (St. John's)
John A. Jewell, DGM ¶
J. Henry Johnson, SGW ©
Richard E. Johnson, DGM
William L. Johnson, SGW ©
Clarence L. Johnston, District GM (Canal Zone) © ¶
Robert Johnston, JGW ©
Jay Jolicoeur, DGM
Louis A. Jones, DGM © ¶
Peter C. Jones, JGW ¶
Henry G. Jordan, JGW © ¶
John Juteau, JGW, SGW (Mass. Indep.)

K

Frank W. Kaan, SGW ¶
Stephen Kaloyanides, SGW
Stanley I. Kay, DGM
Joseph W. Keith, SGW © ¶
Myron L. Keith, DGM ©
Robert Keith, SGW
S. Forrest Kelliher, JGW ¶
Edmund P. Kendrick, JGW © ¶
John Kenrick, JGW © ¶
Duke of Kent, GM of England © ¶
John Keyes, SGW, JGW
Charles Kimball, SGW ¶ ©
Nathan S. Kimball, JGW ¶
James C. King, JGW
Arthur M. Kinne, JGW
Richard H. Kinsey, District Grand Master (Canal Zone) ¶
James Krigman, JGW ©

L

Robert Lash, SGW © ¶
Joseph Laughton, DGM, SGW, JGW
Charles R. Lavalee, District Grand Master (Canal Zone)
Daniel W. Lawrence, SGW ©
William B. Lawrence, JGW © ¶
Robert J. Leach, SGW
Roscoe E. Learned, JGW © ¶
Roy J. Leone, DGM
Karl O. Lepisto, SGW © ¶
Alvan R. Lewis, SGW © ¶
Winslow Lewis, Sr., DGM ¶
Charles S. F. Lincoln, District Grand Master (China) © ¶
Charles I. Litchfield, SGW © ¶
William Little, JGW
Nathaniel Litvin, District Grand Master (Canal Zone) ¶
Donald J. Lohnes, DGM
Leslie P. Lohnes, JGW
Willard P. Lombard, DGM © ¶
Graham A. Long, DGM
John J. Loring, SGW ¶
William C. Loring, DGM
Lucius W. Lovell, JGW ©
Abraham T. Lowe, DGM ¶
Ralph Lowe, Jr., DGM © ¶
John Lowell, DGM ©
Thomas J. Luby, Jr., JGW
Stephen C. Luce, Jr., SGW ¶
Charles A. Lukas, Jr., SGW
W. Malcolm Lunt, SGW ¶
Nathan E. Lurton, District Grand Master (China)

M

Mungo Mackay, SGW, JGW
Carl R. MacKenney, SGW
A. Anderson MacKimmie, JGW ¶
Otto A.S. MacKinnon, JGW ¶
William G. Manchester, JGW
Horace E. Marion, JGW © ¶
Wyzeman Marshall, JGW © ¶
Jonas A. Marshall, JGW ¶
William C. Martin, SGW ¶
William T.R. Marvin, SGW © ¶
James Matthew, JGW © ¶
Russell Matthews, SGW © ¶
James M. McBride, DGM
Charles H. McClellan, SGW ¶
James E. McCreery, JGW
Hugh McDaniel, DGM (St. John's)
David C. McIlhenny, District Grand Master (Canal Zone) ¶
Robert J. McKechnie, SGW ¶
John A. McKim, SGW ©
Frank W. Mead, SGW © ¶
Walter F. Medding, JGW ¶
Robert A. Meffen, JGW
Chauncey D. Merrill, JGW ©
Roy Perry Miles, SGW ¶
Alton L. Miller, DGM © ¶
D. Edward Miller, SGW © ¶
Perley E. Miller, JGW © ¶
Henry J. Mills, JGW © ¶
John Mills, JGW ©
Charles W. Moody, SGW ¶
Charles W. Moore, DGM, Hon. PGM © ¶
Donald M. Moran, JGW ©
Elijah Morse, DGM ¶
Elias P. Morton, SGW ¶
Perez Morton, DGM, SGW (Mass. Indep.)
Fred L. Moses, JGW ©
Roland E. Mosley, SGW ¶
Joseph Mozzone, DGM ©
Henry Mulliken, JGW © ¶

N

Raymond E. Neal, JGW ¶
Asa T. Newhall, JGW ¶
Eugene B. Nichols, DGM
Meldon E. Niemi, DGM

O

Howard W. Osborn, District Grand Master (Canal Zone)
Ralph Osborn, District Grand Master (Canal Zone)

PQ

David E. Pace, SGW
Samuel Parkman, JGW
Robert C. Patey, SGW
Jessee P. Pattee, JGW
Frank E. Peirson, JGW ¶
Paul H. Perkins, SGW
E. Joel Peterson, SGW
Thomas C. Peterson, District Grand Master (Canal Zone) ¶
Geoffrey L. Pippette, JGW ¶
William C. Plunkett, SGW ¶
Ivory H. Pope, JGW ¶
Thomas Power, JGW ¶
Bruce K. Pratt, SGW
Oliver Prescott, JGW
David R. Price, Sr., SGW
Oman R. Price, SGW ¶
Charles S. Proctor, JGW ¶
Edward Proctor, JGW (Mass Indep.)
H. Wendell Prout, DGM ¶
Thomas E. Pulkkinen, JGW
Frederic L. Putnam, SGW ¶

R

Henry D. Ramm, SGW
Peter Randall, SGW
Wyman S. Randall, JGW
Norman A. Ray, SGW ¶
Charles G. Reed, JGW
W. Warren Richardson, Jr., DGM
Alphonse Rigod, District Grand Master (China)
George D. Robertson, SGW ¶
Arthur L. Rockwell, SGW
Paul W. Rolston, SGW
Al Rose, JGW
George E. Rose, JGW ¶
Mason W. Russell, DGM

S

William J. Sawin, SGW ¶
Burton K. Sawtelle, JGW ¶
Frederick H. Schulenberg, JGW
Donald B. Scott, JGW
Roland D. Seger, JGW ¶
Ralph I. Sewall, DGM
Arthur H. Sharp, DGM
LeRoy E. Shaw, JGW ¶
John H. Sheppard, JGW
Andrew Sigourney, SGW
Fred F. Sleeper, JGW ¶
George G. Smith, DGM ¶
Henry E. Smith, Jr., District Grand Master (Canal Zone)
Henry F. Smith, DGM ¶
Peter R. Smith, JGW
Rutherford E. Smith, DGM ¶
Harry E. Sneider, JGW
Samuel B. Spooner, JGW ¶
Richard S. Spofford, SGW ¶
Harold W. Sprague, DGM ¶
Robert L. Steadman, DGM
W. Terence Stephens, DGM
Henry W. Stevens, SGW ¶
Robert H. Stevens, SGW ¶
Hatherley A. Stoddard, Jr., SGW ¶
Richard Sutton, JGW
Albert H. Sweetser, JGW ¶

T

George H. Taber, JGW ¶
Daniel W. Taft, SGW ¶
Winfield Temple, SGW ¶
Charles E. P. Thompson, JGW ¶
Newell A. Thompson, DGM ¶
S. Lothrop Thorndike, DGM ¶
Solon Thornton, JGW
Austin M. Thresher, JGW ¶
Herbert M. Tinkham, JGW ¶
Thomas Tolman, SGW ¶
Lawrence D. Tonini, JGW
Philip M. Turner, JGW
Jack R. Tutzauer, District Grand Master (Canal Zone)
Brenton E. Tyler, Jr., SGW

U

Daniel Upton, JGW

V

Wayne M. Vinton, JGW
James A. Vytal, JGW

W

J. Gilman Waite, DGM ¶
George F. Walker, SGW ¶
James Walls, District GM (Chile) ¶
James F. Watson, JGW ¶
James T. Watson, Jr., JGW
Dean K. Webster, SGW ¶
E.M.P. Wells, DGM, Grand Chaplain ¶
William J. Whipple, SGW, JGW
Ferdinand E. White, DGM
Otis C. White, DGM ¶
Timothy Whiting, SGW (Mass. Indep.)
David Wilder, DGM
F. Lyman Winship, SGW ¶
John W. Withington, SGW ¶
Edwin Wright, DGM ¶

XYZ

Edmund S. Young, JGW ¶
James Young, Jr., DGM ¶

Note: Up to date through 2011, and includes pre-1792 Permanent Members. (DGMs only for St. John's Grand Lodge)

GRAND CHAPLAINS

Wilkes Allen ¶
Daniel Austin ¶
Samuel Barrett ¶
Edward Bass
William Barry ¶
John Lauris Blake ¶
R. Perry Bush
Edward A. Chase ¶
Samuel Clarke ¶
Harry Newton Clay
Joseph Clinch ¶
William Cogswell ¶
Benjamin Clarke Cutler ¶
Robert B. Dennett
Jacob Weed Eastman ¶
John Eliot ¶
Cheever Felch ¶
Harry Paine Folger, II
Noah Gaylord ¶
Aaron Green ¶
Jonathan Greenleaf ¶
Thomas J. Greenwood ¶
Oscar A. Guinn, Jr. ¶
Alpheus Harding ¶
Henry Hersey ¶
John R.S. Higgins
Ebenezer Hubbard ¶
Daniel Joseph Imler
Henry Jackson ¶
Raymond Holmes Kendrick
Thomas F. King ¶
Joshua Liebman ¶
James Morse ¶
John Murray ¶
John Pipon ¶
Benjamin Putnam ¶
Joseph Richardson ¶
John Palmer Robinson ¶
James Sabine ¶
Carl F. Schultz ¶
Addison Searle ¶
William S. Studley ¶
Robert Walker
Benjamin Willard ¶

OTHER BROTHERS FROM THE PROCEEDINGS

Note: This list includes other than Grand Lodge officers - District Deputies and other Brothers whose biography or memorial appeared in the Proceedings.

A B C D E F G H I J K L
M N O P Q R S T U V W XYZ

NECROLOGIES

Starting in the late 1940s, some Brothers received only a necrology entry, listing their birth and death dates, lodges and offices served. This section summarizes those listings.

@@ Line 312: / Line 312: @@
 <div style="column-count:3;-moz-column-count:3;-webkit-column-count:3">
 * '''[http://masonicgenealogy.com/MediaWiki/index.php?title=MAGLLGowell Lorenzo H. Gamwell]''', SGW
-* ''''[http://masonicgenealogy.com/MediaWiki/index.php?title=MAGLJGardner Jeffrey L. Gardner]''''', SGW '''&copy;'''
+* '''''[http://masonicgenealogy.com/MediaWiki/index.php?title=MAGLJGardner Jeffrey L. Gardner]''''', SGW '''&copy;'''
 * '''[http://masonicgenealogy.com/MediaWiki/index.php?title=MAGLDGarrido Donald P. Garrido]''', District Grand Master (Canal Zone)
 * '''''[http://masonicgenealogy.com/MediaWiki/index.php?title=MAGLRGaudette Richard A. Gaudette]''''', JGW
@@ Line 333: / Line 333: @@
 * '''[http://masonicgenealogy.com/MediaWiki/index.php?title=MAGLGGray George W. Gray]''', JGW '''&para;'''
 * '''[http://masonicgenealogy.com/MediaWiki/index.php?title=MAGLWGrammer William T. Grammer]''', SGW '''&copy;''' '''&para;'''
-* '''[http://masonicgenealogy.com/MediaWiki/index.php?title=MAGLEGraves Edward G. Graves]''', SGW '''&copy;'''
+* '''[http://masonicgenealogy.com/MediaWiki/index.php?title=MAGLEGraves Edward G. Graves]''', SGW '''&copy;''' '''&para;'''
 * '''[http://masonicgenealogy.com/MediaWiki/index.php?title=MAGLCGreen Charles M. Green]''', DGM '''&copy;''' '''&para;'''
 * '''[http://masonicgenealogy.com/MediaWiki/index.php?title=MAGLRGreen Robert M. Green]''', DGM '''&copy;'''