Difference between revisions of "Districts1927-2003"

Boston 1st District

• William I. Corthell, 1927
• Andrew P. Cornwall, 1928, 1929
• Frank S. Jones, 1930, 1931
• Bradford L. Ames, 1932
• Starr A. Burdick, 1933, 1934
• Arthur A. Sondheim, 1935, 1936
• Otto Albrecht, 1937, 1938
• Henry W. Stevens, 1939, 1940
• John Wentworth, 1941, 1942
• Kenneth F. Antoine, 1943, 1944
• George A. Butters, 1945
• Adam O. Hofling, 1946, 1947

Cambridge 2nd District

• Edward F. Wallis, 1927
• Samuel Usher, Jr., 1928, 1929
• William F. Clark, 1930, 1931
• Lester M. Bacon, 1932, 1933
• Thomas E. Baker, 1934, 1935
• Herbert A. Hildreth, 1936
• William R. Barss, 1937, 1938
• H. LeRoy Billings, 1939, 1940
• Walter P. Worden, 1941, 1942
• Wolcott A. Hokanson, 1943, 1944
• John D. Storrs, 1945, 1946
• Claude V. Freeman, 1947

Boston 2nd District

• Arthur W. Coolidge, 1927, 1928
• James A. Cartwright, 1929, 1930
• Robert S. Chase, 1931, 1932
• Albert A. Schaefer, 1933
• Frank E. McIntyre, 1934, 1935
• Daniel P. Harding, 1936, 1937
• A. Neill Osgood, 1938, 1939
• Robert T. Sanford, 1940, 1941
• Norman M. Gay, 1942, 1943
• James T. MacAfee, III, 1944, 1945
• James Krigman, 1946, 1947

Boston 3rd District

• Charles G. Balcom, 1927, 1928
• Henry E. W. Bean, 1929
• William H. Beeching, 1930
• W. Arnold Wry, 1931, 1932
• Justin A. Duncan, 1933, 1934
• F. Milton Allen, 1935, 1936
• William H. Crafts, 1937
• John L. Davis, 1938, 1939
• Harold T. Coleman, 1940, 1941
• William C. Gray, 1942, 1943
• Dugald MacCallum, 1944, 1945
• Frederic B. Duncan, 1946, 1947

Chelsea 3rd District

• George H. McIntyre, 1927
• Ralph K. Hope, 1928, 1929
• Arnold B. Crosby, 1930, 1931
• Grover C. Hoyt, 1932, 1933
• Ernest R. Walker, 1934, 1935
• George L. Dolloff, 1936, 1937
• S. Kenneth Skolfield, 1938, 1939
• Arthur H. Reed, 1940, 1941
• Harry M. Carlson, 1942, 1943
• Josiah H. Benton, 1944, 1945
• Albert E. Whitney, 1946, 1947

South Boston 4th District

• Herbert S. Locke, 1927
• Walter F. Johnson, 1928
• Leon V. Stone, 1929, 1930
• Henry D. MacRitchie, 1931
• Wallace S. Hancock, 1932, 1933
• John Jay Cook, 1934, 1935
• James L. Reid, 1936, 1937
• Stanley B. Vandersall, 1938, 1939
• Thomas Nelson, 1940, 1941
• Sten G. Nyberg, 1942
• Peter A. Day, 1943, 1944
• George W. Russell, 1945, 1946
• Max Price, 1947

Dorchester 4th District

• Ralph Lowe, Jr., 1927, 1928
• W. Newton Harlow, 1929, 1930
• Frank L. Cushing, 1931, 1932
• Henry G. Grush, 1933, 1934
• Charles D. Kidder, 1935, 1936
• Harry C. Black, 1937, 1938
• William P. Watt, 1939, 1940
• Roland S. Fulton, 1941, 1942
• David L. Martin, 1943, 1944
• Louis J. Roazen, 1945, 1946
• Chester L. Whittemore, 1947

Roxbury 4th District

• William H.C. Carrasco, 1927, 1928
• Farquhar D. Carter, 1929, 1930
• John H. Joy, 1931, 1932
• Lawrence S. Bearse, 1933, 1934
• John H. Gillis, 1935, 1936
• Robert D. Webster, 1937, 1938
• Joseph T. Zottoli, 1939, 1940
• James C. Kellsey, 1941, 1942
• Paul G. Weden, 1943, 1944
• A. Robert Martin, Jr., 1945, 1946
• Edwin T. Rae, 1947

Waltham 5th District

• H. Alton Roark, 1927
• Amos L. Taylor, 1928, 1929
• Robert D. Diggs, Jr., 1930, 1931
• Alfred P. Waterman, 1932, 1933
• Walter L. McCammon, 1934, 1935
• Henry A. Starr, 1936, 1937
• Francis D. Taylor, 1938, 1939
• C. Weston Ringer, 1940, 1941
• Elwood L. Overholser, 1942, 1943
• Alton L. Miller, 1944, 1945
• Harold W. Knowlton, 1946, 1947

Brighton 5th District

• Rudolph Burrough, 1927, 1928
• Fred B. Richardson, 1929, 1930
• H. Wendell Prout, 1931, 1932
• Joseph Earl Perry, 1933, 1934
• Clarence L. Frounfelker, 1935, 1936
• Samuel H. Lewis, 1937, 1938
• Samuel H. Wragg, 1939
• Laurence M. Jackson, 1940, 1941
• Fred H. Hitchcock, 1942, 1943
• Leon E. Smith, 1944, 1945
• Thomas G. Walters, 1946, 1947

Somerville 6th District

• Warner R. Crowell, 1927, 1928
• Edward L. Shinn, 1929, 1930
• Harris M. Richmond, 1931, 1932
• Howard E. Custance, 1933, 1934
• Robert N. Spofford, 1935, 1936
• Frederick W. Hale, 1937, 1938
• Paul N. Shiverick, 1939, 1940
• Pierre A. Northrup, 1941, 1942
• Harold W. Edwards, 1943, 1944
• John A. Daniels, 1945, 1946
• Austin C. Woodside, 1947

Arlington 6th District

• William W. Wade, 1927, 1928
• J. Arthur Gibson, 1929, 1930
• Archie M. Howland, 1931, 1932
• Lawrence Mitchell, 1933, 1934
• Stanley W. Wilson, 1935, 1936
• Charles L. Oxnard, 1937, 1938
• Eugene B. Hamilton, 1939, 1940
• Norman A. Ray, 1941, 1942
• Seward E. Nichols, 1943, 1944
• William S. Wadsworth, 1945, 1946
• Robert J. Scott, 1947

Malden 7th District

• Willard P. Lombard, 1927, 1928
• George A. Burnham, 1929
• Julian C. Woodman, 1930
• George A. Chisholm, 1931, 1932
• Henry H. Kimball, 1933, 1934
• Elbridge G. Davis, 1935, 1936
• Frederick E. Smith, 1937, 1938
• C. Francis Munger, 1939, 1940
• Harry B. Tabor, 1941, 1942
• George M. Keen, 1943, 1944
• Ralph G. Babcock, 1945, 1946
• William R. Gilman, 1947

Melrose 7th District

• Frederic L. Putnam, 1927
• Charles S. Proctor, 1928, 1929
• George A. Burnham, 1930
• Lauren C. McMaster, 1931, 1932
• John A. Corliss, 1933, 1934
• Harry E. Dearborn, 1935, 1936
• Edward P. Wells, 1937, 1938
• Roy A. Hovey, 1939, 1940
• Ernest R. Potter, 1941, 1942
• Howard G. Todd, 1943, 1944
• William E. Snow, 1945, 1946
• Preston D. Chambers, 1947

Salem 8th District

• Frank T. Goodell, 1927, 1928
• Charles H. Colby, 1929
• William H. Gowell, 1930, 1931
• John H. Mattson, 1932, 1933
• Everett A. Sumner, 1934, 1935
• Joseph D. Danforth, 1936, 1937
• Alden P. Crosby, 1938, 1939
• Earl R. Galeucia, 1940, 1941
• James A. Breed, 1942
• Mial D. Chase, 1943, 1944
• Hatherley A. Stoddard, Jr., 1945, 1946
• J. Norman Panall, 1947

Lynn 8th District

• Walter L. Williams, 1927, 1928
• Rufus L. Titus, 1929, 1930
• Frederick J. Needham, 1931, 1932
• Arthur K. Bates, 1933, 1934
• Kendall A. Sanderson, 1935, 1936
• Everett B. Stacey, 1937, 1938
• Harry E. Trask, 1939, 1940
• Lewis Doane, 1941, 1942
• Harry L. Chisholm, 1943, 1944
• Raymond E. Neal, 1945, 1946
• Harold B. Whiting, 1947

Gloucester 9th District

• Addison G. Brooks, 1927
• William H. Parker, 1928, 1929
• Edward M. Law, 1930, 1931
• Charles L. Lovell, 1932, 1933
• Lendal W. Harding, 1934, 1935
• Thomas A. Lees, 1936, 1937
• Harold S. Maddocks, 1938, 1939
• Edmund G. Haskell, 1940, 1941
• J. Harry Mills, 1942, 1943
• Theodore A. Holland, 1944, 1945
• Frederic W. Frost, 1946, 1947

Newburyport 10th District

• William H. Franklin, Jr., 1927
• Daniel C. Hunt, 1928, 1929
• Willard S. Little, 1930, 1931
• Harold S. Dean, 1932, 1933
• John Bradford Davis, 1934, 1935
• Raymond W. Crombie, 1936, 1937
• John A. Wilson, Jr., 1938, 1939
• Perley E. Miller, 1940, 1941
• Cecil E. Welch, 1942, 1943
• Erving H. Malcolm, 1944, 1945
• Carroll F. Dunn, 1946, 1947

Lawrence 11th District

• Robert K. Disney, 1927
• Harry Wilkinson, 1928, 1929
• Joseph Sherlock, 1930, 1931
• James R. Baldwin, 1932, 1933
• Walter I. Churchill, 1934, 1935
• Harry J. Bunting, 1936, 1937
• Gustav A. Stachelhaus, 1938, 1939
• Malcolm B. McTernen, 1940, 1941
• Ben Oldfield, 1942, 1943
• Ralph A. Woodcock, 1944, 1945
• Philip A. Carr, 1946, 1947

Lowell 12th District

• Warren B. Goddard, 1927, 1928
• Alvah V. Weaver, 1929, 1930
• Harold D. MacDonald, 1931, 1932
• J. Harold Dale, 1933, 1934
• Garfield A. Davis, 1935, 1936
• Melvin G. Rogers, 1937, 1938
• Paul L. Perkins, 1939, 1940
• Percy B.S. Silk, 1941, 1942
• Winslow J. Damon, 1943, 1944
• Calvin A. Burger, 1945, 1946
• Harold E. Tivey, 1947

Fitchburg 13th District

• Loring E. Harkness, 1927, 1928
• Frank B. Crandall, 1929, 1930
• Arthur S. Rollins, 1931, 1932
• George T. Greenwood, 1933, 1934
• Perry I. Wilson, 1935, 1936
• Frank D. Polley, 1937, 1938
• George W. Tooker, 1939, 1940
• Leon J. Winch, 1941, 1942
• Charles F. Murch, 1943, 1944
• Harold J. Toole, 1945, 1946
• Merton W. Demont, 1947

Barre 13th District

• George H. Heywood, 1927, 1928
• Clarence C. Pierce, 1929, 1930
• Frank W. Wilson, 1931, 1932
• Louis K. Cross, 1933
• Frank A. Howe, 1934, 1935
• Earle C. Parker, 1936, 1937
• Harold F. Brown, 1938, 1939
• Roy E. Comstock, 1940, 1941
• Celian H. Abbott, 1942, 1943
• George G. Engel, 1944, 1945
• Joseph E. Prentiss, 1946, 1947

Greenfield 14th District

• Carl P. Mitchell, 1927, 1928
• Frank A. Yeaw, 1929, 1930
• Richard G. Holton, 1931
• Donald E. Mathewson, 1932, 1933
• Clarence H. Fisher, 1934, 1935
• Norman P. Farwell, 1936, 1937
• William Hunter, 1938, 1939
• Frank H. Reed, 1940, 1941
• Ralph M. Forsaith, 1942, 1943
• Earle A. Brown, 1944, 1945
• George E. Clapp, 1946, 1947

North Adams 15th District

• William S. Hamilton, 1927
• Frederick D. Eldridge, 1928, 1929
• Harry E. Davis, 1930, 1931
• Harold E. Byam, 1932, 1933
• Seaver R. Gilcreast, 1934, 1935
• Ralph L. Getman, 1936, 1937
• Ralph E. Ballou, 1938, 1939
• Felix H. Scharmann, 1940, 1941
• Duncan MacNaughton, 1942, 1943
• James Edwin Bullock, 1944, 1945
• Kenneth W. Chase, 1946, 1947

Pittsfield 16th District

• Clarence I. Sweet, 1927, 1928
• George A. Curtis, 1929, 1930
• Edward A. Sitzer, 1931, 1932
• Arthur F. Jones, 1934
• Oscar S. Read, 1935, 1936
• James F. Watson, 1937, 1938
• John P. Palmer, 1939, 1940
• Robert P. Easland, 1941, 1942
• Ethelbert R. Pierce, 1943, 1944
• David L. Johnston, 1945, 1946
• John E. Mason, 1947

Holyoke 17th District

• Alexander Anderson MacKimmie, 1927, 1928
• William A. Walker, 1929, 1930
• Hubert M. Canning, 1931, 1932
• James G. Sinclair, 1933, 1934
• David Glassford, 1935, 1936
• Arthur N. Julian, 1937, 1938
• Ronald Astley, 1939, 1940
• Harry W. Tower, 1941, 1942
• Charles M. Gillette, 1943, 1944
• Oliver C. Roberts, 1945, 1946
• William H. Bray, 1947

Chicopee 18th District

• Edwin L. Davis, 1927, 1928
• Benn Blythe, 1929, 1930
• Edgar M. Osgood, 1931, 1932
• Clifford A.M. Weber, 1933, 1934
• Frederick W. Cope, 1935, 1936
• Frederick J. Cummings, 1937, 1938
• Daniel Love, 1939
• Frank P. Johnson, 1940, 1941
• E. Ray Ashley, 1942, 1943
• Karl W. Hofman, 1944, 1945
• Charles Henry Steele, 1946, 1947

Springfield 18th District

• H. Greeley Randall, 1927
• G. A. Deane, 1928, 1929
• Emil U. Dillenbach, 1930, 1931
• Harold E. Hartwell, 1932, 1933
• Robert B. Warner, 1934, 1935
• Archie J. Agan, 1936, 1937
• George W. Gray, 1938, 1939
• Henry C. Johnson, 1940, 1941
• Harold W. Schellenger, 1942, 1943
• Harold W. Walkinshaw, 1944, 1945
• William W. Yerrall, 1946, 1947

Palmer 19th District

• H. Morgan Ryther, 1927
• D. Thomson Hastings, 1928, 1929
• Ralph T. Entwistle, 1930, 1931
• Joseph G. Hastings, 1932, 1933
• Winfred F. Forward, 1934, 1935
• J. Frederick Zappey, 1936, 1937
• Charles F. Dingman, 1938, 1939
• Myron E. Richardson, 1940, 1941
• Henry O. Holley, 1942, 1943
• Everett A. Geer, 1944, 1945
• Rexford R. Paine, 1946, 1947

Southbridge/Blackstone 20th District

• Carlton H. White, 1927, 1928
• William L. Stokes, 1929, 1930
• Leroy A. Rollins, 1931, 1932
• Edwin M. Crane, 1933, 1934
• Ralph T. Larchar, 1935, 1936
• Raymon F. Meader, 1937, 1938
• Philip E. Thomas, 1939, 1940
• Milton L. Goldthwaite, 1941, 1942
• George A.K. Duff, 1943, 1944
• Warren A. Johnson, 1945, 1946
• Raymond A. Warden, 1947

Brookfield 21st District

• Harold L. Fenner, 1927, 1928
• W. H. Smiley Kingsbury, 1929, 1930
• Will A. Gray, 1931, 1932, 1933
• Edmund H. Squire, 1934, 1935, 1936
• Lee Boyce, 1937
• Frank Carroll, 1938, 1939
• John A. Jewell, 1940, 1941
• George D. Robertson, 1942, 1943
• Clayton F. Fisher, 1944, 1945
• Clifford W. Greene, 1946, 1947

Worcester 21st/22nd District

Moved to the 22nd District in 1931

• Otis C. White, 1927
• Harry C. Midgley, 1928, 1929
• B. W. Greenwood, 1930, 1931
• Alfred E. Rankin, 1932, 1933
• Frank H. Cate, 1934, 1935
• William L. McIntosh, 1936, 1937
• Ernest F. Maynard, 1938, 1939
• Eric A. Jacobson, 1940, 1941
• Thomas S. Roy, 1942
• John E. Riley, 1943, 1944
• Elbridge R. Holmes, 1945, 1946
• Percy H.G. Harris, 1947

Milford 22nd District

• Albert L. Saunders, 1927
• William S. Johnson, 1928, 1929
• Frank Roy Hixon, 1930

Discontinued in 1931

Natick 23rd District

• Harry W. Kimball, 1927
• William S. McRobert, 1928, 1929
• George Morrison, 1930, 1931
• James L. Inches, 1932, 1933
• William H. Sheldon, 1934, 1935
• Morton F. Yates, 1936, 1937
• Edward A. Harding, 1938, 1939
• William Ferguson, 1940, 1941
• Elmer W. Bennett, 1942, 1943
• Burns L. Fish, 1944, 1945, 1946
• Arthur H. Hogan, 1947

Marlborough 24th District

• Winfield Temple, 1927, 1928
• Gavin Taylor, 1929, 1930
• Erwin B. Woodbury, 1931, 1932
• Herbert E. Taylor, 1933, 1934
• Clarence W. Wentworth, 1935, 1936
• Walter L. Huntington, 1937, 1938
• Harry E. Burnham, 1939, 1940
• Everett G. Ricker, 1941, 1942
• Thomas O. O'Neill, 1943, 1944
• Erwin L. Smith, 1945, 1946
• William H. Wright, 1947

Hyde Park 25th District

• Andrew C. Morrow, 1927, 1928
• Alden B. Hepler, 1929, 1930
• Peter Wood, 1931, 1932
• E. Lester Swett, 1933, 1934
• Howard F. Cluff, 1935, 1936
• John H. Peebles, 1937, 1938
• Eliot C. French, 1939, 1940
• George M. Ellis, 1941, 1942
• Ernest May, 1943, 1944
• Walter E. Hawley, 1945, 1946
• Ernest T. Johnson, 1947

Quincy 26th District

• George E. White, 1927
• Arthur W. Hoe, 1928, 1929
• Roy Prout, 1930, 1931
• William J. Holbrook, 1932, 1933
• George T. Burnham, 1934, 1935
• Everett E. Weatherbee, 1936, 1937
• James S. Collins, 1938, 1939
• J. Frederick Price, 1940, 1941
• Warren J. Schworm, 1942
• Raymond C. Warrington, 1943, 1944
• Alexander Harding, 1945, 1946
• Warren G. Osgood, 1947

Plymouth 27th District

• Edwin H. Gibson, 1927
• J. Irving Botting, 1928, 1929
• Charles A. Whitman, 1930, 1931
• Henry W. Royal, 1932, 1933
• Philip S. Bailey, 1934, 1935
• Charles B. Worrick, 1936, 1937
• J. Lyman Wadsworth, 1938, 1939
• Harry H. Reed, 1940, 1941
• Herbert W. Wilder, 1942, 1943
• Raymond E. Miskelly, 1944, 1945
• Harold L. Downing, 1946, 1947

Taunton 28th District

• Howard C. N. Ripley, 1927, 1928
• Theodore N. Wood, 1929, 1930
• Edward W. Burt, 1931, 1932
• Harry H. Thurlow, 1933, 1934
• John M. Smith, 1935, 1936
• Henry H. Goff, 1937, 1938
• Frederick S. Weston, 1939, 1940
• Robert W. MacGlashing, 1941, 1942
• James D. Johnston, 1943, 1944
• Clifton C. Ripley, 1945, 1946
• Harold A. Goff, 1947

Attleboro 28th District

• Fred W. Day, 1927, 1928
• Fred H. Richards, 1929, 1930
• Robert L. Cooke, 1931, 1932
• Lee Higgins, 1933, 1934
• Frederick Kerry, 1935, 1936
• Harrison A. Morse, 1937, 1938
• Carl H. Carlson, 1939, 1940
• Corodon S. Fuller, 1941, 1942
• Winthrop P. Mann, 1943, 1944
• Benjamin W. Taylor, 1945, 1946
• Gerald E. Riley, 1947

Brockton 29th District

• Clarence E. Rice, 1927, 1928
• David Perkins, 1929, 1930
• Harold W. Sprague, 1931, 1932
• Herbert K. Pratt, 1933, 1934
• Duncan W. Edes, 1935, 1936
• Ernest Clark, 1937, 1938
• Roger Keith, 1939, 1940
• Joseph W. Keith, 1941, 1942
• Harold S. Crocker, 1943, 1944
• Edward H. Turner, 1945, 1946
• Harry H. Williams, 1947

Fall River 30th District

• Horace L. Humphrey, 1927, 1928
• John V. Thorpe, 1929, 1930
• James H. Wilson, 1931, 1932
• Adrial W. Hathaway, 1933, 1934
• Herbert A. Sullivan, 1935, 1936
• Herbert Austin, 1937, 1938
• George M. Jackson, 1939, 1940
• Arthur R. Anderson, 1941, 1942
• Francis S. Borden, 1943, 1944
• Leland F. Bullard, 1945, 1946
• Benjamin Barnes, 1947

New Bedford 30th District

• Walter S. Dow, 1927, 1928
• Lyman C. Bauldry, 1929, 1930
• Seth J. Besse, 1931, 1932
• Frank H. Childs, 1933, 1934
• S. George Davenport, Jr., 1935, 1936
• Chauncey R. Mosher, 1937, 1938
• Austin M. Thresher, 1939, 1940
• Charles M. Hadley, 1941, 1942
• John W. Ruggles, 1943, 1944
• Colby H. Benson, 1945, 1946
• L. Theodore Woolfenden, 1947

Nantucket 31st District

• Alfred E. Smith, 1927, 1928
• Charles E. P. Thompson, 1929, 1930
• Clarence P. Hayden, 1931, 1932
• LeRoy L. Eldredge, 1933, 1934
• Francis E. Folger, 1935, 1936
• John Allanach, 1937, 1938
• Edwin L. Morse, 1939, 1940
• Ludwig Knorr, 1941, 1942
• Leroy H. True, 1943, 1944
• John E. Palmeira, 1945, 1946
• Joseph Dawes, 1947

Hyannis 32nd District

• Rawson C. Jenkins, 1927, 1928
• F. Howard Hinckley, 1929, 1930
• Sumner I. Lawrence, 1931, 1932
• Bertram F. Ryder, 1933, 1934
• Charles W. Megathlin, 1935, 1936
• William M. Harrison, 1937, 1938
• Freeman C. Bartlett, 1939, 1940
• Charles F. Holden, 1941, 1942
• Gerard C. Besse, 1943, 1944
• Bertrand C. French, 1945, 1946
• Alexander C. Todd, 1947

Provincetown 32nd District

• Emanuel A. DeWager, 1927
• Henry K. Bearse, 1928, 1929
• Isaac F. Howes, 1930, 1931
• Henry A. Snow, 1932, 1933, 1934
• Owen B. Murray, 1935
• Cyril W. Downs, 1936, 1937
• Harold Tuttle, 1938, 1939
• George S. Chapman, Jr., 1940, 1941
• Nathan D. Eldridge, 1942, 1943
• John P. Silva, 1944
• Gershom D. Hall, 1945, 1946
• Roger F. Smith, 1947

Springfield 33rd District

• Douglas Crook, 1927
• Dana R. Johnson, 1928, 1929
• Raymond H. Beach, 1930, 1931
• James Matthew, 1932, 1933
• Leland G. Carlton, 1934, 1935
• Frank P. Beardsell, 1936, 1937
• George W. Streeter, 1938, 1939
• Edson S. Dunbar, 1940, 1941
• Gilbert N. Leete, 1942, 1943
• Howard C. Newhouse, 1944, 1945
• Raymond H. Peat, 1946, 1947

Chile District

• Joseph S. McDonald, 1927-1940
• Gustav Bowski, 1941
• Albert E. Jones, 1942-1947

China District

• Irvin Van Gorder Gillis, District Grand Master, 1927-1935
• Vergil F. Bradfield, District Grand Master, 1936-1938
• Nathan E. Lurton, District Grand Master, 1939-1942
• Franklin C. Fetté, District Grand Master, 1946

District Grand Lodge split into two regular districts at the end of 1947

China (Shanghai) District

From 1948

China (North China) District

From 1948

Canal Zone District

• Ralph Osborn, District Grand Master, 1927-1932
• Lewis Bates, District Grand Master, 1933-1947